Kunene, a region in northwestern Namibia, is a land steeped in history and tradition. For centuries, it has been home to the Himba and Herero people, whose cultures have withstood the test of time. The rugged landscapes of Kunene—marked by arid deserts, rocky mountains, and ephemeral rivers—have shaped the way of life here.
The Himba are perhaps the most iconic inhabitants of Kunene. Known for their striking red ochre-covered skin and intricate hairstyles, they have maintained a semi-nomadic lifestyle despite modernization pressures. Their society is matrilineal, with women playing a central role in decision-making.
However, climate change and land disputes threaten their way of life. Prolonged droughts have made pastoralism—their primary livelihood—increasingly difficult. Many Himba youth are now migrating to cities, risking the erosion of their cultural identity.
The Herero people, another major ethnic group in Kunene, carry a painful history. In the early 20th century, they suffered genocide under German colonial rule. Thousands were killed in what is now recognized as one of Africa’s first modern genocides.
Today, the Herero continue to seek reparations from Germany. This issue remains a global talking point, especially as former colonial powers face increasing pressure to address historical injustices.
Kunene’s climate has always been harsh, but recent years have seen unprecedented droughts. The Kunene River, a lifeline for both humans and wildlife, has seen reduced flow due to changing weather patterns and upstream dam projects in Angola.
Local communities are adapting by turning to innovative water conservation methods, such as fog harvesting and underground water storage. Yet, without international support, these efforts may not be enough.
Land ownership in Kunene is a contentious issue. The Namibian government has attempted to redistribute land, sometimes clashing with indigenous groups who claim ancestral rights. The Himba, in particular, have protested against large-scale development projects that threaten their grazing lands.
This struggle mirrors global indigenous movements, from the Amazon to Australia, where native peoples fight to protect their territories against corporate and governmental interests.
Kunene’s breathtaking landscapes and unique cultures attract tourists from around the world. Community-based tourism initiatives have provided income for locals, but there are concerns about exploitation and cultural commodification.
Some Himba villages now charge fees for photographs, a small but symbolic act of reclaiming agency over their representation. The debate over ethical tourism continues, raising questions about who truly benefits from this industry.
As the world grapples with climate change, indigenous rights, and historical justice, Kunene stands at a crossroads. Will its people find a way to preserve their heritage while adapting to a rapidly changing world? Only time—and global solidarity—will tell.